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RESUMO: Este artigo teve por objetivo refletir sobre as possibilidades do laboratório de habilidades e simulação clínica enquanto espaço potencial para o treino e desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades no ensino em saúde, além de compartilhar estratégias para o planejamento docente e para o uso desses espaços em tempos de pandemia pela COVID-19. Estudo descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo realizado a partir da consulta a protocolos de recomendações sanitárias, diretrizes/planejamento de universidades públicas nacionais e internacionais para o retornodas atividades acadêmicas práticas em cursos da área da saúde e a opinião de especialistas em simulação clínica. São compartilhadas orientações específicas e comuns considerando os tipos de simulação propostas, estratégias de apoio às experiências clínicas simuladas, além de diretrizes sanitárias. Trata-se de recomendações que devem ser discutidas e adaptadas conforme as diferentes realidades, atualização de diretrizes sanitárias dos órgãos de saúde e educação, além do monitoramento do comportamento da pandemia causada pelo coronavírus em todo o mundo. (AU)
ABSTRACT: This article aimed to reflect on the possibilities of the skills laboratory and clinical simulation as a potential space for training and development of skills and abilities in health education, in addition to sharing strategies for teaching planning and the use of these spaces in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study based on the consultation of health recommendation protocols, guidelines/planning of national and international public universities for the return of practical academic activities in health area courses and the opinion of experts in clinical simulation. Specific and common guidelines are shared considering the types of simulation proposed, strategies to support simulated clinical experiences, and health guidelines. These recommendations should be discussed and adapted according to the different realities, updating health and education agencies' health guidelines, besides monitoring the pandemic's behavior caused by the coronavirus world. (AU)
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Health Education , Patient Simulation , Coronavirus Infections , Simulation Training , High Fidelity Simulation Training , COVID-19 , LaboratoriesABSTRACT
To assess the surface electromyography of neck [sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis and trapezeius], face [masseter] and head [temporalis] muscles during brushing teeth with Miswak [a tree-twig used for cleansing the teeth] as a novel physical agent that may play a vital role in neck, face and head muscles exercise. Surface electromyography [sEMG] has been used to examine the neuromuscular activity of neck, face and head muscles under different teeth brushing circumstances of three healthy persons. EMG showed rhythmic muscular activity of sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, trapeze ius and continuous muscular activity of temporalis and masseter muscles of both sides from the force and movement of shoulder joint exerted by the user during brushing teeth with Miswak. Most likely brushing with Miswak would play an imperative role as a new physical agent by putting forth intermittent compression effect on neck, face and head muscles exercise. This study is also a direction for future research on utilization of Miswak as a physical agent or a physical device in rehabilitation programs in order to accomplish pericranial muscles exercise that might be advantageous for chronic neck pain, headache due to muscle contraction [tension-type headache] and torticollis
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Objective: We studied immunological and physiological effect by the polarized infrared light irradiation near the neck stellate ganglion. Methods: Subjects were eleven healthy volunteers (age 21-22 years old, male). The polarized infrared light irradiation system (Super Lizer HA-550) for 20 minutes was used for the irradiation near the stellate ganglion. In the dummy, they were treated by the same irradiation instrument that the light were obstructed completely. We analyzed hematological test and perspiration quantity and temperatures of limbs and blood pressure before and after the irradiation. Results: The leukocytes decreased (p<0.01) and NK cells decreased after the irradiation significantly. The hormone and blood pressure did not significantly change. The perspiration of right hand (irradiated side) was significantly decreased. The peripheral temperature of bilateral upper and lower limbs elevated after the irradiation. Conclusion: It was considered that the effect by the polarized infrared light irradiation near the stellate ganglion was the same with the sympathetic nervous ganglion block which dilated arteries and increased of peripheral circulation, and inhibited the sympathetic nervous function.
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Effect of foot bath on sleeping time in 3 old patients (70, 82, 84 years old) was investigated. After 2-days control period, feet were immersed in a water bath containing about 1, 000ppm CO<sub>2</sub> at 40-41°C for 15 minutes at 17:00 for 3 consecutive days. Wrist Mini-motion-logger actigraph was used for recording their activities. The hour for lights-out was 21:00 and that of rising was 06:00. They went to bed between 20:30-20:50 and woke up at 05:30 next morning. In 2 patients, sleeping time at night began to increase on the second immersion day, which continued even on the following 2 days without foot bath. All the patients showed no changes in daytime activities. They were satisfied with foot bath and felt warmth not only in their feet but also in their bodies. No remarkable side effects were observed in the present study. Foot bath is thought to be effective to treat insomnia.
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A large number of negative air ions have been detected in forests, at spas, and near waterfalls. The air ion had been reported to improve the feelings of comfort, feelings of fatigue and occupational efficiency. Almost all the studies were reported by the short-term exposure of the air ions (2-5 hours) on human. We analyzed the physiological effects and laboratory findings of the long-term exposure of negative air ion (ca. 5000/cc, 5 hours/day, 3 weeks) in double-blind methods.<br>For this study, we made the negative air ion producing machines, in which the steam was combined with electric discharge by high-voltage electrodes. The machines could constantly produce high amount of negative ions (ca. 5, 000 counts/cc). We set these machines in the rest rooms of ten volunteer and programmed to spout negative air ions when they were sleeping at midnight (AM1:00-6:00) for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks exposure of negative air ions or sham condition, we checked the physical and mental tests and sampled the blood.<br>In the exposure of negative air ions, some of the depressive scales and subjective feelings (scores from Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS2)) were better than in those in the sham condition, and the local perspiration of palm, which reflected sympathetic nerve function, also decreased by mental and physical stress in the exposure ions more than in the sham condition. This showed that the negative air ion decreased the stress of the sympathetic nerve function. In laboratory findings, there were no significant differences between the clinical data with ions and without ions, and it was shown that ion was harmless in the range of 5, 000 counts/cc 5 hours/day. The percentage of natural killer (NK) cells with the exposure of the ions was lower than without ions. This also indicated the air ion decreased the stress of human.<br>It was shown that the negative air ion might improve human activities and remove the stress. The mechanism of the negative air ions for human is not clear, so that further studies will be needed.
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High levels of negative ions have been detected in the air in forests, at spas, near waterfalls, and so forth, and there have been reported that they have a favorable effect on human beings' feeling of comfort and their feeling of fatigue. In this study we prepared an experimental room in which it was possible to maintain temperature constant at 25°C and constant humidity, and turn the supply of negative ions on and off, and in addition to assessing comfort level and fatigue level subjectively, we assessed them by means of the -wave component of the EEG, which indicates the degree of relaxation, and by auditory evoked potential P300, which reflects attentiveness and degree of fatigue.<br>Methods: The subjects were 15 healthy physicians and nurses. The experiment was conducted in a room maintained at a constant temperature of 25°C and a constant humidity of 50% during a 2-hour period on different days without informing the subjects of whether the air was loaded with negative ions or not. Constant temperature and humidity were maintained, and the level of negative ions was adjusted by using a shinki genertor (Geochto Ltd.). The parameters measured were determined with a flicker test and P300 (auditory evoked) test, and the α-wave ratio was calculated from the 60-minute closed-eye resting EEG.<br>Results: A higher percentage of subjects reported subjective comfort when the air was loaded with neagtive ions (6/15, 40%) than when it was not (4/15, 27%).<br>Significant difference was not observed in the P300 tests, but the α<sub>2</sub> (10-13Hz) ratio of the EEG and flicker test tended to be higher with negative ion-air than without nagative ion-air.